Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

LALBA

Alpha-lactalbumin

Also known as: HAMLET, LALBA_HUMAN, LYZG, LYZL7

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P00709
Gene: LALBA
Ensembl: ENSG00000167531
Chromosome: 12
Canonical length: 142 aa
Protein class: Cancer-related genes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted in female reproductive system

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes alpha-lactalbumin, a principal protein of milk. Alpha-lactalbumin forms the regulatory subunit of the lactose synthase (LS) heterodimer and beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4Gal-T1) forms the catalytic component. Together, these proteins enable LS to produce lactose by transfering galactose moieties to glucose. As a monomer, alpha-lactalbumin strongly binds calcium and zinc ions and may possess bactericidal or antitumor activity. A folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin, called HAMLET, likely induces apoptosis in tumor and immature cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

142 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P00709|LALBA
     1  MRFFVPLFLV GILFPAILAK QFTKCELSQL LKDIDGYGGI ALPELICTMF HTSGYDTQAI
    61  VENNESTEYG LFQISNKLWC KSSQVPQSRN ICDISCDKFL DDDITDDIMC AKKILDIKGI
   121  DYWLAHKALC TEKLEQWLCE KL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against LALBA can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.35
Highest tissue expression: 2,026 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

breast: 2,026 nTPM
testis: 2.2 nTPM
seminal vesicle: 1.3 nTPM
colon: 0.1 nTPM
adipose tissue: 0 nTPM
adrenal gland: 0 nTPM

Single-cell type

breast lactating cells: 483,429 nCPM
sertoli cells: 2.9 nCPM
late spermatids: 2.2 nCPM
t-cells: 1.1 nCPM
early spermatids: 1 nCPM
undifferentiated spermatogonia: 1 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 0.1 nTPM
amygdala: 0 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0 nTPM
cerebellum: 0 nTPM
choroid plexus: 0 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 0 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.84
gnomAD pLI: 0.46
gnomAD missense Z: 0.79
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.05
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads LALBA as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against LALBA could matter depends on whether native LALBA is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

LALBA is annotated as secreted, so native LALBA circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label LALBA as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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