Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

INSL3

Insulin-like 3

Also known as: INSL3_HUMAN, MGC119818, MGC119819, RLF, RLNL

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P51460
Gene
INSL3
Ensembl
ENSG00000248099
Chromosome
19
Canonical length
131 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like hormone superfamily. The encoded protein is mainly produced in gonadal tissues. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of urogenital tract and female fertility. This protein may also act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent. Mutations in this gene may lead to cryptorchidism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

131 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P51460|INSL3
     1  MDPRLPAWAL VLLGPALVFA LGPAPTPEMR EKLCGHHFVR ALVRVCGGPR WSTEARRPAT
    61  GGDRELLQWL ERRHLLHGLV ADSNLTLGPG LQPLPQTSHH HRHHRAAATN PARYCCLSGC
   121  TQQDLLTLCP Y

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against INSL3 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.53
Highest tissue expression
383 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • testis: 383 nTPM
  • ovary: 121 nTPM
  • spleen: 4.9 nTPM
  • appendix: 4.5 nTPM
  • lymph node: 2.7 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 1.7 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • peritubular myoid cells: 772 nCPM
  • leydig cells: 601 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 16 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 9.7 nCPM
  • ovarian stromal cells: 6.3 nCPM
  • undifferentiated spermatogonia: 5.9 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 2.2 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 1.1 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 1.1 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 0.9 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.9 nTPM
  • T-reg: 0.8 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 4.9 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 3.5 nTPM
  • thalamus: 3.4 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 3.2 nTPM
  • pons: 3.2 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 3.1 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about INSL3.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions INSL3 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

7 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 58 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.59
gnomAD pLI
0.02
gnomAD missense Z
0.51
DepMap mean gene effect
0.01
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads INSL3 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against INSL3 could matter depends on whether native INSL3 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

INSL3 is annotated as secreted, so native INSL3 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label INSL3 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/INSL3. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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