Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

HBG2

Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2

Also known as: HBG-T1, HBG2_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P69892
Gene
HBG2
Ensembl
ENSG00000196565
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
147 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

OverviewNCBI Gene

The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow. Two gamma chains together with two alpha chains constitute fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is normally replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) at birth. In some beta-thalassemias and related conditions, gamma chain production continues into adulthood. The two types of gamma chains differ at residue 136 where glycine is found in the G-gamma product (HBG2) and alanine is found in the A-gamma product (HBG1). The former is predominant at birth. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is: 5'- epsilon -- gamma-G -- gamma-A -- delta -- beta--3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

147 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P69892|HBG2
     1  MGHFTEEDKA TITSLWGKVN VEDAGGETLG RLLVVYPWTQ RFFDSFGNLS SASAIMGNPK
    61  VKAHGKKVLT SLGDAIKHLD DLKGTFAQLS ELHCDKLHVD PENFKLLGNV LVTVLAIHFG
   121  KEFTPEVQAS WQKMVTGVAS ALSSRYH

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against HBG2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.28
Highest tissue expression
9,660 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • placenta: 9,660 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 74 nTPM
  • spleen: 19 nTPM
  • lung: 11 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 8.9 nTPM
  • pancreas: 8.8 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • epididymal basal cells: 0.3 nCPM
  • epididymal efferent duct absorptive cells: 0.1 nCPM
  • epididymal principal cells: 0.1 nCPM
  • adipocytes: 0 nCPM
  • adrenal cortex cells: 0 nCPM
  • adrenal medulla cells: 0 nCPM

Immune cell

  • total PBMC: 6.5 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.4 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 0.3 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.1 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 5.7 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 5.6 nTPM
  • white matter: 5.4 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 4.7 nTPM
  • amygdala: 4.4 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 4.3 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about HBG2.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions HBG2 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

11 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 69 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.83
gnomAD pLI
0.67
gnomAD missense Z
1.35

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads HBG2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against HBG2 could matter depends on whether native HBG2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

HBG2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label HBG2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/HBG2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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