Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GPD2

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Also known as: GPDM_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P43304
Gene
GPD2
Ensembl
ENSG00000115159
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
727 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, using FAD as a cofactor. Along with GDP1, the encoded protein constitutes the glycerol phosphate shuttle, which reoxidizes NADH formed during glycolysis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

727 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P43304|GPD2
     1  MAFQKAVKGT ILVGGGALAT VLGLSQFAHY RRKQMNLAYV KAADCISEPV NREPPSREAQ
    61  LLTLQNTSEF DILVIGGGAT GSGCALDAVT RGLKTALVER DDFSSGTSSR STKLIHGGVR
   121  YLQKAIMKLD IEQYRMVKEA LHERANLLEI APHLSAPLPI MLPVYKWWQL PYYWVGIKLY
   181  DLVAGSNCLK SSYVLSKSRA LEHFPMLQKD KLVGAIVYYD GQHNDARMNL AIALTAARYG
   241  AATANYMEVV SLLKKTDPQT GKVRVSGARC KDVLTGQEFD VRAKCVINAT GPFTDSVRKM
   301  DDKDAAAICQ PSAGVHIVMP GYYSPESMGL LDPATSDGRV IFFLPWQKMT IAGTTDTPTD
   361  VTHHPIPSEE DINFILNEVR NYLSCDVEVR RGDVLAAWSG IRPLVTDPKS ADTQSISRNH
   421  VVDISESGLI TIAGGKWTTY RSMAEDTINA AVKTHNLKAG PSRTVGLFLQ GGKDWSPTLY
   481  IRLVQDYGLE SEVAQHLAAT YGDKAFEVAK MASVTGKRWP IVGVRLVSEF PYIEAEVKYG
   541  IKEYACTAVD MISRRTRLAF LNVQAAEEAL PRIVELMGRE LNWDDYKKQE QLETARKFLY
   601  YEMGYKSRSE QLTDRSEISL LPSDIDRYKK RFHKFDADQK GFITIVDVQR VLESINVQMD
   661  ENTLHEILNE VDLNKNGQVE LNEFLQLMSA IQKGRVSGSR LAILMKTAEE NLDRRVPIPV
   721  DRSCGGL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GPD2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.25
Highest tissue expression
23 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • skeletal muscle: 23 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 19 nTPM
  • esophagus: 19 nTPM
  • colon: 17 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 17 nTPM
  • fallopian tube: 17 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophil progenitors: 505 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 281 nCPM
  • urothelial cells: 268 nCPM
  • foveolar cells: 258 nCPM
  • astrocytes: 208 nCPM
  • pituitary stem cells: 191 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 3.3 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 2.7 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 2.3 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 1.7 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 1.6 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 1.5 nTPM

Brain region

  • hippocampal formation: 41 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 39 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 37 nTPM
  • midbrain: 34 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 33 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 32 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GPD2.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 124 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.86
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.72
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GPD2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GPD2 could matter depends on whether native GPD2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GPD2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GPD2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GPD2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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