Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GLS2

Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial

Also known as: GA, GLS, GLSL_HUMAN, hLGA, LGA

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q9UI32
Gene: GLS2
Ensembl: ENSG00000135423
Chromosome: 12
Canonical length: 602 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Quaternary structure: Homotetramer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial phosphate-activated glutaminase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to stoichiometric amounts of glutamate and ammonia. Originally thought to be liver-specific, this protein has been found in other tissues as well. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

602 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9UI32|GLS2
     1  MRSMKALQKA LSRAGSHCGR GGWGHPSRSP LLGGGVRHHL SEAAAQGRET PHSHQPQHQD
    61  HDSSESGMLS RLGDLLFYTI AEGQERIPIH KFTTALKATG LQTSDPRLRD CMSEMHRVVQ
   121  ESSSGGLLDR DLFRKCVSSN IVLLTQAFRK KFVIPDFEEF TGHVDRIFED VKELTGGKVA
   181  AYIPQLAKSN PDLWGVSLCT VDGQRHSVGH TKIPFCLQSC VKPLTYAISI STLGTDYVHK
   241  FVGKEPSGLR YNKLSLNEEG IPHNPMVNAG AIVVSSLIKM DCNKAEKFDF VLQYLNKMAG
   301  NEYMGFSNAT FQSEKETGDR NYAIGYYLKE KKCFPKGVDM MAALDLYFQL CSVEVTCESG
   361  SVMAATLANG GICPITGESV LSAEAVRNTL SLMHSCGMYD FSGQFAFHVG LPAKSAVSGA
   421  ILLVVPNVMG MMCLSPPLDK LGNSHRGTSF CQKLVSLFNF HNYDNLRHCA RKLDPRREGA
   481  EIRNKTVVNL LFAAYSGDVS ALRRFALSAM DMEQKDYDSR TALHVAAAEG HIEVVKFLIE
   541  ACKVNPFAKD RWGNIPLDDA VQFNHLEVVK LLQDYQDSYT LSETQAEAAA EALSKENLES
   601  MV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GLS2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.29
Highest tissue expression: 192 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

liver: 192 nTPM
pancreas: 33 nTPM
cerebellum: 24 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 16 nTPM
retina: 10 nTPM
pituitary gland: 8.4 nTPM

Single-cell type

renal collecting duct principal cells: 7.7 nCPM
podocytes: 7.5 nCPM
loop of henle epithelial cells: 7 nCPM
distal convoluted tubule cells: 6.4 nCPM
renal connecting tubule cells: 5.3 nCPM
renal collecting duct intercalated cells: 5.1 nCPM

Immune cell

naive CD8 T-cell: 2.2 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 1.8 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 1.8 nTPM
memory CD4 T-cell: 1.7 nTPM
memory B-cell: 0.8 nTPM
total PBMC: 0.7 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 33 nTPM
white matter: 26 nTPM
hypothalamus: 19 nTPM
pons: 18 nTPM
cerebellum: 17 nTPM
basal ganglia: 16 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.83
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 2.35
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.15
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

glutaminase activity

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of GLS2 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

HIP1

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GLS2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GLS2 could matter depends on whether native GLS2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GLS2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GLS2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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