Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GIP

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Also known as: GIP_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P09681
Gene: GIP
Ensembl: ENSG00000159224
Chromosome: 17
Canonical length: 153 aa
Protein class: FDA approved drug targets, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

153 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P09681|GIP
     1  MVATKTFALL LLSLFLAVGL GEKKEGHFSA LPSLPVGSHA KVSSPQPRGP RYAEGTFISD
    61  YSIAMDKIHQ QDFVNWLLAQ KGKKNDWKHN ITQREARALE LASQANRKEE EAVEPQSSPA
   121  KNPSDEDLLR DLLIQELLAC LLDQTNLCRL RSR

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GIP can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.58
Highest tissue expression: 244 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

duodenum: 244 nTPM
small intestine: 88 nTPM
stomach: 1.1 nTPM
testis: 0.5 nTPM
colon: 0.3 nTPM
adrenal gland: 0.1 nTPM

Single-cell type

neuroendocrine cells: 126 nCPM
late primary spermatocytes: 1.6 nCPM
retinal amacrine cells: 1.4 nCPM
mucous neck cells: 1.2 nCPM
undifferentiated spermatogonia: 1 nCPM
late spermatids: 0.7 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

pons: 0.2 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 0.1 nTPM
white matter: 0.1 nTPM
amygdala: 0 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0 nTPM
cerebellum: 0 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.81
gnomAD pLI: 0.27
gnomAD missense Z: -0.01
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.13
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

glucagon receptor binding
hormone activity
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP
Peptide hormone
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GIP as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GIP could matter depends on whether native GIP is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GIP is annotated as secreted, so native GIP circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GIP as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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