GCG

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P01275

Gene

GCG

Ensembl

ENSG00000115263

Chromosome

2

Canonical length

180 aa

Protein class

Predicted secreted proteins

Subcellular location

Endoplasmic reticulum,Vesicles

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

180 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01275|GCG
     1  MKSIYFVAGL FVMLVQGSWQ RSLQDTEEKS RSFSASQADP LSDPDQMNED KRHSQGTFTS
    61  DYSKYLDSRR AQDFVQWLMN TKRNRNNIAK RHDEFERHAE GTFTSDVSSY LEGQAAKEFI
   121  AWLVKGRGRR DFPEEVAIVE ELGRRHADGS FSDEMNTILD NLAARDFINW LIQTKITDRK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GCG can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Secreted

Secreted

Yes

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.54

Highest tissue expression

1,834 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GCG.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on GCG was assayed in.

• type 1 diabetes mellitus T cell

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

0.88

gnomAD pLI

0.03

gnomAD missense Z

-0.13

DepMap mean gene effect

0.15

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 1% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• cellular response to glucagon stimulus
• feeding behavior
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• gluconeogenesis
• glucose homeostasis
• negative regulation of apoptotic process
• negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
• positive regulation of calcium ion import
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
• positive regulation of gluconeogenesis
• positive regulation of insulin secretion
• positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
• protein kinase A signaling
• regulation of insulin secretion
• response to activity

Molecular functions

• glucagon receptor binding
• hormone activity
• identical protein binding
• receptor ligand activity
• signaling receptor binding

Cellular components

• endoplasmic reticulum lumen
• extracellular region
• extracellular space
• plasma membrane
• secretory granule lumen

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP
• Peptide hormone
• Glucagon

KeywordsUniProt

• Amidation
• Cleavage on pair of basic residues
• Hormone
• Pharmaceutical
• Phosphoprotein
• Secreted
• Signal

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of GCG in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

• GCGR