GALR2

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

O43603

Gene

GALR2

Ensembl

ENSG00000182687

Chromosome

17

Canonical length

387 aa

Protein class

G-protein coupled receptors, Plasma proteins, Predicted membrane proteins

OverviewNCBI Gene

Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

387 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O43603|GALR2
     1  MNVSGCPGAG NASQAGGGGG WHPEAVIVPL LFALIFLVGT VGNTLVLAVL LRGGQAVSTT
    61  NLFILNLGVA DLCFILCCVP FQATIYTLDG WVFGSLLCKA VHFLIFLTMH ASSFTLAAVS
   121  LDRYLAIRYP LHSRELRTPR NALAAIGLIW GLSLLFSGPY LSYYRQSQLA NLTVCHPAWS
   181  APRRRAMDIC TFVFSYLLPV LVLGLTYART LRYLWRAVDP VAAGSGARRA KRKVTRMILI
   241  VAALFCLCWM PHHALILCVW FGQFPLTRAT YALRILSHLV SYANSCVNPI VYALVSKHFR
   301  KGFRTICAGL LGRAPGRASG RVCAAARGTH SGSVLERESS DLLHMSEAAG ALRPCPGASQ
   361  PCILEPCPGP SWQGPKAGDS ILTVDVA

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GALR2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Cell surface

Secreted

No

Transmembrane segments

7

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.4

Highest tissue expression

7.3 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1.69

gnomAD pLI

0

gnomAD missense Z

0.39

DepMap mean gene effect

-0.04

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• feeding behavior
• galanin-activated signaling pathway
• inositol phosphate metabolic process
• learning or memory
• muscle contraction
• neuron projection development
• phosphatidylinositol metabolic process
• phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Molecular functions

• galanin receptor activity
• neuropeptide binding
• peptide hormone binding

Cellular components

• cilium
• membrane
• plasma membrane

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like
• Galanin receptor family
• GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM
• 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
• Galanin receptor 2

KeywordsUniProt

• Cell membrane
• Disulfide bond
• G-protein coupled receptor
• Glycoprotein
• Membrane
• Receptor
• Transducer
• Transmembrane
• Transmembrane helix