Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GAL

Galanin peptides

Also known as: GAL-GMAP, GALA_HUMAN, GALN, GLNN, GMAP

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P22466
Gene
GAL
Ensembl
ENSG00000069482
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
123 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Golgi apparatus,Vesicles
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

123 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P22466|GAL
     1  MARGSALLLA SLLLAAALSA SAGLWSPAKE KRGWTLNSAG YLLGPHAVGN HRSFSDKNGL
    61  TSKRELRPED DMKPGSFDRS IPENNIMRTI IEFLSFLHLK EAGALDRLLD LPAAASSEDI
   121  ERS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GAL can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.62
Highest tissue expression
957 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • pituitary gland: 957 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 112 nTPM
  • skin: 36 nTPM
  • colon: 19 nTPM
  • appendix: 14 nTPM
  • stomach: 10 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • corticotrophs: 666 nCPM
  • gonadotrophs: 237 nCPM
  • pancreatic acinar cells: 109 nCPM
  • other brain neurons: 77 nCPM
  • endometrial ciliated cells: 66 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 63 nCPM

Immune cell

  • intermediate monocyte: 0.2 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • hypothalamus: 1,424 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 107 nTPM
  • pons: 31 nTPM
  • thalamus: 24 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 11 nTPM
  • midbrain: 10 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GAL.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions GAL is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 8 (ETL8) MIM:616461

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 73 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Familial temporal lobe epilepsy 8

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.75
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-0.07
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.08
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

  • Galanin
  • Galanin
  • Galanin precursor
  • Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)
  • Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GAL as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GAL could matter depends on whether native GAL is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GAL is annotated as secreted, so native GAL circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GAL as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GAL. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

© 2026 · Seroatlas, Discover Oregon LLC · Terms of use

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...