Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

EXOG

Nuclease EXOG, mitochondrial

Also known as: ENDOGL1, ENDOGL2, ENGL, ENGL-a, ENGL-b, EXOG_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9Y2C4
Gene
EXOG
Ensembl
ENSG00000157036
Chromosome
3
Canonical length
368 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes an endo/exonuclease with 5'-3' exonuclease activity. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages at the 5' end of a nucleic acid chain. This enzyme is localized to the mitochondria and may play a role in programmed cell death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

368 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9Y2C4|EXOG
     1  MAIKSIASRL RGSRRFLSGF VAGAVVGAAG AGLAALQFFR SQGAEGALTG KQPDGSAEKA
    61  VLEQFGFPLT GTEARCYTNH ALSYDQAKRV PRWVLEHISK SKIMGDADRK HCKFKPDPNI
   121  PPTFSAFNED YVGSGWSRGH MAPAGNNKFS SKAMAETFYL SNIVPQDFDN NSGYWNRIEM
   181  YCRELTERFE DVWVVSGPLT LPQTRGDGKK IVSYQVIGED NVAVPSHLYK VILARRSSVS
   241  TEPLALGAFV VPNEAIGFQP QLTEFQVSLQ DLEKLSGLVF FPHLDRTSDI RNICSVDTCK
   301  LLDFQEFTLY LSTRKIEGAR SVLRLEKIME NLKNAEIEPD DYFMSRYEKK LEELKAKEQS
   361  GTQIRKPS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against EXOG can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.36
Highest tissue expression
13 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • heart muscle: 13 nTPM
  • pituitary gland: 6 nTPM
  • spleen: 5.8 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 5.6 nTPM
  • lymph node: 5.6 nTPM
  • adrenal gland: 5.2 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • cardiomyocytes: 162 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 113 nCPM
  • pituicytes/fscs: 95 nCPM
  • adrenal cortex cells: 90 nCPM
  • adrenal medulla cells: 75 nCPM
  • lactotrophs: 71 nCPM

Immune cell

  • memory B-cell: 61 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 48 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 28 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 27 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 27 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 26 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 22 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 20 nTPM
  • white matter: 19 nTPM
  • midbrain: 18 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 18 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 18 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.63
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.41
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.13
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads EXOG as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against EXOG could matter depends on whether native EXOG is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

EXOG is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label EXOG as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/EXOG. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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