Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CYGB

Cytoglobin

Also known as: CYGB_HUMAN, HGB, STAP

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q8WWM9
Gene: CYGB
Ensembl: ENSG00000161544
Chromosome: 17
Canonical length: 190 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location: Nuclear speckles,Cytosol
Quaternary structure: Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

190 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q8WWM9|CYGB
     1  MEKVPGEMEI ERRERSEELS EAERKAVQAM WARLYANCED VGVAILVRFF VNFPSAKQYF
    61  SQFKHMEDPL EMERSPQLRK HACRVMGALN TVVENLHDPD KVSSVLALVG KAHALKHKVE
   121  PVYFKILSGV ILEVVAEEFA SDFPPETQRA WAKLRGLIYS HVTAAYKEVG WVQQVPNATT
   181  PPATLPSSGP

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CYGB can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.34
Highest tissue expression: 112 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

heart muscle: 112 nTPM
adipose tissue: 84 nTPM
retina: 72 nTPM
breast: 58 nTPM
thyroid gland: 53 nTPM
urinary bladder: 47 nTPM

Single-cell type

melanocytes: 133 nCPM
leydig cells: 102 nCPM
pericytes: 95 nCPM
fibroblasts: 76 nCPM
respiratory ciliated cells: 51 nCPM
thymocytes: 45 nCPM

Immune cell

naive B-cell: 2.2 nTPM
memory B-cell: 1.6 nTPM
NK-cell: 1 nTPM
neutrophil: 0.9 nTPM
naive CD8 T-cell: 0.5 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0.2 nTPM

Brain region

pons: 55 nTPM
midbrain: 51 nTPM
cerebellum: 42 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 36 nTPM
hypothalamus: 32 nTPM
choroid plexus: 29 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.86
gnomAD pLI: 0.1
gnomAD missense Z: 0.85
DepMap mean gene effect: 0
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

carbon monoxide binding
catalase activity
heme binding
iron ion binding
nitrite reductase activity
oxidoreductase activity
oxygen binding
oxygen carrier activity
peroxidase activity
superoxide dismutase activity
fatty acid peroxidase activity
nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, heme protein as donor

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CYGB as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CYGB could matter depends on whether native CYGB is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CYGB is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CYGB as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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