Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CSTL1

Cystatin-like 1

Also known as: CSTL1_HUMAN, CTES1, dJ322G13.4

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q9H114
Gene: CSTL1
Ensembl: ENSG00000125823
Chromosome: 20
Canonical length: 145 aa
Protein class: Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted in male reproductive system

OverviewNCBI Gene

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located at the telomeric end of the cystatin locus and encodes a type 2 cystatin-like protein. The specific function of this protein has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

145 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9H114|CSTL1
     1  MGIGCWRNPL LLLIALVLSA KLGHFQRWEG FQQKLMSKKN MNSTLNFFIQ SYNNASNDTY
    61  LYRVQRLIRS QMQLTTGVEY IVTVKIGWTK CKRNDTSNSS CPLQSKKLRK SLICESLIYT
   121  MPWINYFQLW NNSCLEAEHV GRNLR

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CSTL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.39
Highest tissue expression: 1.7 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

testis: 1.7 nTPM
adipose tissue: 0 nTPM
adrenal gland: 0 nTPM
amygdala: 0 nTPM
appendix: 0 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0 nTPM

Single-cell type

late spermatids: 103 nCPM
early spermatids: 66 nCPM
esophageal apical cells: 8.5 nCPM
epicardial cells: 6.8 nCPM
respiratory ciliated cells: 4.1 nCPM
esophageal suprabasal cells: 4 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 0.2 nTPM
cerebellum: 0.1 nTPM
thalamus: 0.1 nTPM
amygdala: 0 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 0 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.92
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -0.04
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.02
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

extracellular region

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CSTL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CSTL1 could matter depends on whether native CSTL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CSTL1 is annotated as secreted, so native CSTL1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CSTL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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