Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CS

Citrate synthase, mitochondrial

Also known as: CISY_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O75390
Gene
CS
Ensembl
ENSG00000062485
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
466 aa
Protein class
Citric acid cycle related proteins, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A. The enzyme is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metablism. This protein is nuclear encoded and transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where the mature form is found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

466 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O75390|CS
     1  MALLTAAARL LGTKNASCLV LAARHASASS TNLKDILADL IPKEQARIKT FRQQHGKTVV
    61  GQITVDMMYG GMRGMKGLVY ETSVLDPDEG IRFRGFSIPE CQKLLPKAKG GEEPLPEGLF
   121  WLLVTGHIPT EEQVSWLSKE WAKRAALPSH VVTMLDNFPT NLHPMSQLSA AVTALNSESN
   181  FARAYAQGIS RTKYWELIYE DSMDLIAKLP CVAAKIYRNL YREGSGIGAI DSNLDWSHNF
   241  TNMLGYTDHQ FTELTRLYLT IHSDHEGGNV SAHTSHLVGS ALSDPYLSFA AAMNGLAGPL
   301  HGLANQEVLV WLTQLQKEVG KDVSDEKLRD YIWNTLNSGR VVPGYGHAVL RKTDPRYTCQ
   361  REFALKHLPN DPMFKLVAQL YKIVPNVLLE QGKAKNPWPN VDAHSGVLLQ YYGMTEMNYY
   421  TVLFGVSRAL GVLAQLIWSR ALGFPLERPK SMSTEGLMKF VDSKSG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CS can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.27
Highest tissue expression
561 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tongue: 561 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 515 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 299 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 145 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 120 nTPM
  • retina: 120 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • myonuclei: 132 nCPM
  • cardiomyocytes: 126 nCPM
  • parietal cells: 126 nCPM
  • esophageal apical cells: 116 nCPM
  • thymic myoid cells: 105 nCPM
  • adipocytes: 94 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 207 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 120 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 95 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 93 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 74 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 72 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 131 nTPM
  • thalamus: 116 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 115 nTPM
  • pons: 111 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 103 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 102 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.3
gnomAD pLI
0.98
gnomAD missense Z
3.33
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.42
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CS as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CS could matter depends on whether native CS is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CS is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CS as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/CS. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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