Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CHAC2

Glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2

Also known as: CHAC2_HUMAN, GCG1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q8WUX2
Gene: CHAC2
Ensembl: ENSG00000143942
Chromosome: 2
Canonical length: 184 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase that catalyzes the conversion of glutathione to 5-oxoproline and cysteinylglycine. It is thought that this gene is upregulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and that the glutathione depletion enhances apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

184 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q8WUX2|CHAC2
     1  MWVFGYGSLI WKVDFPYQDK LVGYITNYSR RFWQGSTDHR GVPGKPGRVV TLVEDPAGCV
    61  WGVAYRLPVG KEEEVKAYLD FREKGGYRTT TVIFYPKDPT TKPFSVLLYI GTCDNPDYLG
   121  PAPLEDIAEQ IFNAAGPSGR NTEYLFELAN SIRNLVPEEA DEHLFALEKL VKERLEGKQN
   181  LNCI

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CHAC2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.27
Highest tissue expression: 6.9 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

duodenum: 6.9 nTPM
bone marrow: 6.5 nTPM
lymph node: 6.2 nTPM
tonsil: 6.1 nTPM
testis: 5 nTPM
adipose tissue: 4.7 nTPM

Single-cell type

late primary spermatocytes: 65 nCPM
plasma cells: 36 nCPM
erythrocyte progenitors: 35 nCPM
respiratory ionocytes: 31 nCPM
esophageal apical cells: 29 nCPM
early primary spermatocytes: 29 nCPM

Immune cell

naive B-cell: 4.4 nTPM
memory B-cell: 4.3 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 4.3 nTPM
naive CD8 T-cell: 4.1 nTPM
memory CD8 T-cell: 3.9 nTPM
T-reg: 3.9 nTPM

Brain region

cerebellum: 5.9 nTPM
hypothalamus: 5.3 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 5.2 nTPM
thalamus: 4.7 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 4.5 nTPM
midbrain: 4.4 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.84
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -1.18
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.03
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CHAC2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CHAC2 could matter depends on whether native CHAC2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CHAC2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CHAC2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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