CD38

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P28907

Gene

CD38

Ensembl

ENSG00000004468

Chromosome

4

Canonical length

300 aa

Protein class

Cancer-related genes, CD markers, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

Subcellular location

Plasma membrane

Quaternary structure

Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a non-lineage-restricted, type II transmembrane glycoprotein that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose, an intracellular calcium ion mobilizing messenger. The release of soluble protein and the ability of membrane-bound protein to become internalized indicate both extracellular and intracellular functions for the protein. This protein has an N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a C-terminal extracellular region with four N-glycosylation sites. Crystal structure analysis demonstrates that the functional molecule is a dimer, with the central portion containing the catalytic site. It is used as a prognostic marker for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

300 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P28907|CD38
     1  MANCEFSPVS GDKPCCRLSR RAQLCLGVSI LVLILVVVLA VVVPRWRQQW SGPGTTKRFP
    61  ETVLARCVKY TEIHPEMRHV DCQSVWDAFK GAFISKHPCN ITEEDYQPLM KLGTQTVPCN
   121  KILLWSRIKD LAHQFTQVQR DMFTLEDTLL GYLADDLTWC GEFNTSKINY QSCPDWRKDC
   181  SNNPVSVFWK TVSRRFAEAA CDVVHVMLNG SRSKIFDKNS TFGSVEVHNL QPEKVQTLEA
   241  WVIHGGREDS RDLCQDPTIK ELESIISKRN IQFSCKNIYR PDKFLQCVKN PEDSSCTSEI

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CD38 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Cell surface

Secreted

No

Transmembrane segments

1

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.31

Highest tissue expression

59 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about CD38.

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against CD38 are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 7
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 7
• Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic 6
• Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune 4
• Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic 4

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for CD38 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1.13

gnomAD pLI

0

gnomAD missense Z

-0.06

DepMap mean gene effect

0.01

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• apoptotic signaling pathway
• artery smooth muscle contraction
• B cell proliferation
• B cell receptor signaling pathway
• female pregnancy
• long-term synaptic depression
• negative regulation of apoptotic process
• negative regulation of bone resorption
• negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
• negative regulation of neuron projection development
• nicotinate metabolic process
• positive regulation of B cell proliferation
• positive regulation of cell growth
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
• positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
• positive regulation of insulin secretion
• positive regulation of vasoconstriction
• response to estradiol
• response to hydroperoxide
• response to hypoxia
• response to interleukin-1
• response to progesterone
• response to retinoic acid
• response to xenobiotic stimulus
• signal transduction

Molecular functions

• identical protein binding
• NAD+ nucleosidase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose generating
• phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
• transferase activity

Cellular components

• basolateral plasma membrane
• cell surface
• extracellular exosome
• membrane
• nuclear membrane
• plasma membrane

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• ADP-ribosyl cyclase (CD38/157)
• ADP-ribosyl cyclase

KeywordsUniProt

• Cell membrane
• Diabetes mellitus
• Disulfide bond
• Glycoprotein
• Hydrolase
• Membrane
• NAD
• NADP
• Receptor
• Signal-anchor
• Transferase
• Transmembrane
• Transmembrane helix