AZU1

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P20160

Gene

AZU1

Ensembl

ENSG00000172232

Chromosome

19

Canonical length

251 aa

Protein class

Enzymes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins

Subcellular location

Vesicles

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a mature azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

251 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P20160|AZU1
     1  MTRLTVLALL AGLLASSRAG SSPLLDIVGG RKARPRQFPF LASIQNQGRH FCGGALIHAR
    61  FVMTAASCFQ SQNPGVSTVV LGAYDLRRRE RQSRQTFSIS SMSENGYDPQ QNLNDLMLLQ
   121  LDREANLTSS VTILPLPLQN ATVEAGTRCQ VAGWGSQRSG GRLSRFPRFV NVTVTPEDQC
   181  RPNNVCTGVL TRRGGICNGD GGTPLVCEGL AHGVASFSLG PCGRGPDFFT RVALFRDWID
   241  GVLNNPGPGP A

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against AZU1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Intracellular

Secreted

No

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.29

Highest tissue expression

1,508 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for AZU1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1.64

gnomAD pLI

0

gnomAD missense Z

0.13

DepMap mean gene effect

0.13

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• antimicrobial humoral response
• cell chemotaxis
• cellular extravasation
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
• defense response to virus
• glial cell migration
• induction of positive chemotaxis
• inflammatory response
• intracellular signal transduction
• macrophage chemotaxis
• microglial cell activation
• monocyte activation
• monocyte extravasation
• negative regulation of apoptotic process
• neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium
• phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• positive regulation of cell adhesion
• positive regulation of fractalkine production
• positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
• positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
• positive regulation of phagocytosis
• positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
• protein maturation
• proteolysis
• regulation of vascular permeability

Molecular functions

• heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
• heparin binding
• peptidase activity
• serine-type endopeptidase activity
• toxic substance binding

Cellular components

• azurophil granule
• azurophil granule lumen
• azurophil granule membrane
• extracellular exosome
• extracellular region
• extracellular space
• membrane

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• Serine proteases, trypsin domain
• Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin family
• Peptidase S1, PA clan
• Trypsin

KeywordsUniProt

• Antibiotic
• Antimicrobial
• Chemotaxis
• Disulfide bond
• Glycoprotein
• Heparin-binding
• Membrane
• Serine protease homolog
• Signal
• Zymogen