Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

AREG

Amphiregulin

Also known as: AR, AREG_HUMAN, AREGB, SDGF

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P15514
Gene
AREG
Ensembl
ENSG00000109321
Chromosome
4
Canonical length
252 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

252 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P15514|AREG
     1  MRAPLLPPAP VVLSLLILGS GHYAAGLDLN DTYSGKREPF SGDHSADGFE VTSRSEMSSG
    61  SEISPVSEMP SSSEPSSGAD YDYSEEYDNE PQIPGYIVDD SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT
   121  SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER
   181  CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSKIA LAAIAAFMSA VILTAVAVIT VQLRRQYVRK YEGEAEERKK
   241  LRQENGNVHA IA

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against AREG can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.6
Highest tissue expression
309 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • placenta: 309 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 136 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 123 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 69 nTPM
  • breast: 58 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 46 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • mast cells: 5,141 nCPM
  • innate lymphoid cells: 3,589 nCPM
  • basal keratinocytes: 3,210 nCPM
  • ocular epithelial cells: 2,320 nCPM
  • esophageal apical cells: 1,904 nCPM
  • monocytes: 1,831 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 12 nTPM
  • basophil: 11 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 3.8 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.8 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 0.4 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 0.3 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 3.2 nTPM
  • pons: 1.4 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 1.3 nTPM
  • thalamus: 0.9 nTPM
  • white matter: 0.7 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 0.6 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about AREG.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on AREG was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.82
gnomAD pLI
0.47
gnomAD missense Z
0.81
DepMap mean gene effect
0.06
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of AREG in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

  • CNIH

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads AREG as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against AREG could matter depends on whether native AREG is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

AREG is annotated at the cell surface, where native AREG is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label AREG as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/AREG. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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