Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

APOL1

Apolipoprotein L1

Also known as: APOL, APOL1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: O14791
Gene: APOL1
Ensembl: ENSG00000100342
Chromosome: 22
Canonical length: 398 aa
Protein class: Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, Transporters
Secretome location: Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a secreted high density lipoprotein which binds to apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoprotein A-I is a relatively abundant plasma protein and is the major apoprotein of HDL. It is involved in the formation of most cholesteryl esters in plasma and also promotes efflux of cholesterol from cells. This apolipoprotein L family member may play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver. Several different transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

398 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O14791|APOL1
     1  MEGAALLRVS VLCIWMSALF LGVGVRAEEA GARVQQNVPS GTDTGDPQSK PLGDWAAGTM
    61  DPESSIFIED AIKYFKEKVS TQNLLLLLTD NEAWNGFVAA AELPRNEADE LRKALDNLAR
   121  QMIMKDKNWH DKGQQYRNWF LKEFPRLKSE LEDNIRRLRA LADGVQKVHK GTTIANVVSG
   181  SLSISSGILT LVGMGLAPFT EGGSLVLLEP GMELGITAAL TGITSSTMDY GKKWWTQAQA
   241  HDLVIKSLDK LKEVREFLGE NISNFLSLAG NTYQLTRGIG KDIRALRRAR ANLQSVPHAS
   301  ASRPRVTEPI SAESGEQVER VNEPSILEMS RGVKLTDVAP VSFFLVLDVV YLVYESKHLH
   361  EGAKSETAEE LKKVAQELEE KLNILNNNYK ILQADQEL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against APOL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.44
Highest tissue expression: 168 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

liver: 168 nTPM
urinary bladder: 81 nTPM
lung: 55 nTPM
stomach: 48 nTPM
smooth muscle: 45 nTPM
gallbladder: 45 nTPM

Single-cell type

foveolar cells: 327 nCPM
endometrial luminal cells: 297 nCPM
endometrial glandular cells: 240 nCPM
urothelial cells: 211 nCPM
prostatic hillock cells: 153 nCPM
hepatocytes: 139 nCPM

Immune cell

NK-cell: 18 nTPM
neutrophil: 14 nTPM
basophil: 12 nTPM
gdT-cell: 9.8 nTPM
memory CD8 T-cell: 9 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 8.3 nTPM

Brain region

thalamus: 12 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 9.4 nTPM
pons: 8.8 nTPM
choroid plexus: 8.7 nTPM
spinal cord: 8.2 nTPM
hypothalamus: 6.8 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about APOL1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions APOL1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4 (FSGS4) MIM:612551

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on APOL1 was assayed in.

renal carcinoma T cell

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.73
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -0.58
DepMap mean gene effect: 0
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of APOL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

APOA1

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads APOL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against APOL1 could matter depends on whether native APOL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

APOL1 is annotated as secreted, so native APOL1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label APOL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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