ACR

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P10323

Gene

ACR

Ensembl

ENSG00000100312

Chromosome

22

Canonical length

421 aa

Protein class

Enzymes, Predicted secreted proteins

Secretome location

Secreted in male reproductive system

OverviewNCBI Gene

Acrosin is the major proteinase present in the acrosome of mature spermatozoa. It is a typical serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity. It is stored in the acrosome in its precursor form, proacrosin. The active enzyme functions in the lysis of the zona pellucida, thus facilitating penetration of the sperm through the innermost glycoprotein layers of the ovum. The mRNA for proacrosin is synthesized only in the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. In humans proacrosin first appears in the haploid spermatids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

421 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P10323|ACR
     1  MVEMLPTAIL LVLAVSVVAK DNATCDGPCG LRFRQNPQGG VRIVGGKAAQ HGAWPWMVSL
    61  QIFTYNSHRY HTCGGSLLNS RWVLTAAHCF VGKNNVHDWR LVFGAKEITY GNNKPVKAPL
   121  QERYVEKIII HEKYNSATEG NDIALVEITP PISCGRFIGP GCLPHFKAGL PRGSQSCWVA
   181  GWGYIEEKAP RPSSILMEAR VDLIDLDLCN STQWYNGRVQ PTNVCAGYPV GKIDTCQGDS
   241  GGPLMCKDSK ESAYVVVGIT SWGVGCARAK RPGIYTATWP YLNWIASKIG SNALRMIQSA
   301  TPPPPTTRPP PIRPPFSHPI SAHLPWYFQP PPRPLPPRPP AAQPRPPPSP PPPPPPPASP
   361  LPPPPPPPPP TPSSTTKLPQ GLSFAKRLQQ LIEVLKGKTY SDGKNHYDME TTELPELTST
   421  S

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ACR can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Secreted

Secreted

Yes

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.4

Highest tissue expression

81 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ACR.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions ACR is implicated in, by any mechanism.

• Spermatogenic failure 87 (SPGF87) MIM:620500

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 84 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

• Spermatogenic failure 87

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for ACR from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

0.88

gnomAD pLI

0.01

gnomAD missense Z

0.45

DepMap mean gene effect

-0.16

DepMap dependency class

selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• acrosome reaction
• activation of adenylate cyclase activity
• binding of sperm to zona pellucida
• penetration of zona pellucida
• response to steroid hormone
• single fertilization
• acrosome matrix dispersal

Molecular functions

• amidase activity
• copper ion binding
• D-mannose binding
• DNA binding
• fucose binding
• protease binding
• serine-type endopeptidase activity
• serine-type peptidase activity
• zinc ion binding

Cellular components

• acrosomal matrix
• extracellular region
• Golgi-associated vesicle
• nucleus
• protein-containing complex

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• Serine proteases, trypsin domain
• Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin family
• Peptidase S1, PA clan
• Serine proteases, trypsin family, histidine active site
• Serine proteases, trypsin family, serine active site
• Trypsin
• Peptidase S1A, acrosin

KeywordsUniProt

• Disulfide bond
• Glycoprotein
• Hydrolase
• Protease
• Serine protease
• Signal
• Zymogen