Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ACOD1

Cis-aconitate decarboxylase

Also known as: CAD, IRG1, IRG1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
A6NK06
Gene
ACOD1
Ensembl
ENSG00000102794
Chromosome
13
Canonical length
481 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Mitochondria
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables aconitate decarboxylase activity and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in defense response; positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response; and tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. Biomarker of esophageal carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

481 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>A6NK06|ACOD1
     1  MMLKSITESF ATAIHGLKVG HLTDRVIQRS KRMILDTLGA GFLGTTTEVF HIASQYSKIY
    61  SSNISSTVWG QPDIRLPPTY AAFVNGVAIH SMDFDDTWHP ATHPSGAVLP VLTALAEALP
   121  RSPKFSGLDL LLAFNVGIEV QGRLLHFAKE ANDMPKRFHP PSVVGTLGSA AAASKFLGLS
   181  STKCREALAI AVSHAGAPMA NAATQTKPLH IGNAAKHGIE AAFLAMLGLQ GNKQVLDLEA
   241  GFGAFYANYS PKVLPSIASY SWLLDQQDVA FKRFPAHLST HWVADAAASV RKHLVAERAL
   301  LPTDYIKRIV LRIPNVQYVN RPFPVSEHEA RHSFQYVACA MLLDGGITVP SFHECQINRP
   361  QVRELLSKVE LEYPPDNLPS FNILYCEISV TLKDGATFTD RSDTFYGHWR KPLSQEDLEE
   421  KFRANASKML SWDTVESLIK IVKNLEDLED CSVLTTLLKG PSPPEVASNS PACNNSITNL
   481  S

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ACOD1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.22
Highest tissue expression
1.3 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • appendix: 1.3 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 0.5 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 0.2 nTPM
  • lung: 0.2 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 0.1 nTPM
  • adrenal gland: 0 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • monocytes: 55 nCPM
  • macrophages: 2.9 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 2.3 nCPM
  • kupffer cells: 1 nCPM
  • renal collecting duct intercalated cells: 0.4 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 0.3 nCPM

Immune cell

  • intermediate monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 0.4 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 0.2 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 0.1 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 0.1 nTPM
  • midbrain: 0.1 nTPM
  • pons: 0.1 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.25
gnomAD pLI
1
DepMap mean gene effect
0.08
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

  • MmgE/PrpD
  • MmgE/PrpD superfamily
  • MmgE/PrpD superfamily, domain 1
  • MmgE/PrpD superfamily, domain 2
  • MmgE/PrpD, N-terminal
  • MmgE/PrpD, C-terminal
  • MmgE/PrpD N-terminal domain
  • MmgE/PrpD C-terminal domain

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ACOD1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ACOD1 could matter depends on whether native ACOD1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ACOD1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Source-annotated serology context

The source annotations explicitly mention antibody, autoantibody, autoantigen, or autoimmune context. This is biological context, not study-specific reactivity.

  • Involved in defense response; positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response; and tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ACOD1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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