SMAD/Dwarfins
IPR013790
Definition
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) proteins, also known as mammalian dwarfins, are intracellular signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that are phosphorylated in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and activin type I receptor kinases and are implicated in the control of cell growth. They bind TGF-β response elements (TREs) in the promoter regions of many TGF-β-regulated genes and, upon formation of SMAD2/SMAD4 complexes, activate transcription, including TGFB1-mediated induction of odontoblastic differentiation genes in dental papilla cells (by similarity). In addition, R-SMADs positively regulate PDPK1 kinase activity by promoting its dissociation from the inhibitory 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ and may act as tumour suppressors in colorectal carcinoma PMID:14631647. The mammalian dwarfin/SMAD family also includes the Drosophila protein MAD, which is required for the function of decapentaplegic (DPP) and participates in DPP signalling; Drosophila Mad binds DNA and directly mediates activation of vestigial by Dpp [[cite:PMID:8799132], [cite:PMID:19218245]]. A related SMAD domain is also present in nuclear factor I (NF-I), also known as CCAAT box-binding transcription factor (CTF) [[cite:PMID:9230443], [cite:PMID:17507407]].
8 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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